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‘The data was distressing’: Study highlights pressures on female GPs


Jolyon Attwooll


8/12/2025 4:35:26 PM

Women are leaving the profession early, partly due to the consequences of current policy settings, research finds.

Female GP
Rebuilding trust and reviewing the gender impact of primary care policies are required to stop female GPs leaving the profession, new research has found.

Many female GPs see themselves as ‘disposable’, undervalued, and the widening gender pay gap ‘intolerable’, according to alarming new research.
 
It also suggests Australia’s current policy settings are causing them to leave the profession or drastically reduce their hours.
 
Published this month, the study examined the experiences of 770 female GPs, including recent retirees or those who plan to retire within five years, and those who have cut their clinical work by at least 50%, or plan to do so.
 
More than half of those GPs involved had left or were leaving general practice within their first 15 years.
 
‘Participants described deep emotional wounds, sustained from leaving the profession they still claim to “love”,’ the authors conclude. 
 
‘There was a sense of sorrow and loss, not only for themselves, but also for the profession.
 
‘These women saw themselves as an “underclass”, doing the “invisible emotional labour” of the profession for a “fraction of the remuneration”.
 
‘They felt “used, exploited and undervalued”.
 
‘They still loved the role but found it impossible to sustain.’
 
Participants also referenced the ‘financial abuse’ of Medicare, and its ‘entrenched gender inequity’.
 
‘Public expectations around bulk billing, fed by political narratives from government, were mentioned as a key impediment to practice,’ the authors wrote.
 
‘The treatment of GPs in the pandemic was mentioned frequently. GPs felt disrespected, unprotected and deeply unsafe.
 
‘It was a key turning point for many deciding to leave.’
 
The authors, who include Professor Louise Stone and former RACGP President Professor Karen Price, are now urging policymakers to pay more attention to retaining existing female GPs.
 
For Professor Stone, the uptake of the survey was unexpected. She said that a deliberate decision was made with co-authors to directly reflect the experiences collated.
 
‘I had a choice that I could have put this in dry academic language, but that would not have been true to the data,’ she told newsGP
 
‘The data was distressing.
 
‘We weren’t expecting a survey of this size. We had 25,000 words of free text. That never happens so obviously there’s a groundswell and I’ve heard from so many people since then.’
 
The authors conclude that while female GPs ‘value the purpose and meaning of their role … a decline in their physical, mental, financial, and occupational wellbeing is driving them to leave the profession early’.
 
‘Rebuilding trust, addressing wellbeing concerns, and reviewing the gender impact of primary care policies are required to reverse this trend,’ they write.
 
They warn that with female GPs doing more mental health and women’s health consultations than male colleagues, there will be fewer of those services available as female GPs move away from clinical general practice.
 
‘We’re not going to re-educate the community that if Doctor Jane leaves, Doctor John will be able to step into their shoes and do the same sort of practice, because the community has prejudices,’ Professor Stone said.
 
‘That’s the way it works.’
 
The research, which was funded by an Australian General Practice Research Foundation 2024 GP Wellbeing Grant, echoed findings in the RACGP’s Health of the Nation that many female GPs are more likely to do longer consultations and earn less.
 
For Professor Stone, the recent changes in policy mean the gender pay gap will inevitably widen, with authors stating that the Medicare Benefits Schedule ‘needs to value short and long consultations equally’.
 
‘I have no feeling that the Government went out to attack women doctors,’ she said.  
 
‘That’s just silly, but I think this voice has not yet been heard.
 
‘It’s my hope that now we would be able to present this part of general practice that has not been seen clearly and that could then inform the way public policy is enacted.
 
‘That wouldn’t be difficult, it’s very basic.
 
‘We could start by just assuming that a minute of my time is worth a minute of someone who is doing a flu vaccine.’
 
Patients with conditions that are hard to diagnose and treat are likely to be negatively affected too, she says.
 
‘Moving to quicker, sharper medicine and even multidisciplinary care… the group it doesn’t ever touch are the complex ones where there is no solution,’ she said.
 
‘Six percent of our patients used to have rare diseases, I’m sure it’s much higher now.
 
‘There are a lot of our patients who will never get a diagnosis that need to be managed very carefully, and that group is not served, in fact is served less, by current policy.’
 
A second part to the study will use interviews to explore findings from this study in more depth.
 
GPs interested in the research, including those who would like to be involved, can contact Professor Stone on louise.stone@adelaide.edu.au.
 
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Dr Philip Ian Dawson   9/12/2025 8:55:52 AM

As medicare rebates for Female GPs are the same as for Male GPs the only reason for a "pay gap" in private practice is that female GPs tend to have longer consultations, which are not reimbursed well by Medicare. This is a longstanding issue which successive governments have failed to address, particularly as GPs are now seeing a lot more chronically ill complex patients with multiple comorbidities. Rather than focus on a supposed "gender pay gap", this is the issue that needs focus. It seems male and female GPs focus on how to manage these complex patients in different ways. it seems from conversations I have had many but not all female GPs try to address all the issues in one long consultation, but many but not all male GPs pick one issue which is most pressing, deal with that and get them back for the others. Neither method is medically wrong, but the latter with more frequent shorter consultations results in a greater amount of Medicare rebates. No gap in public hospitals


Dr Annette Hackett   9/12/2025 10:59:58 AM

So, the question is then - why do we approach things differently? Getting people back for lots of shorter consultations is a good way to lose our patients - they have neither the money nor the time to keep coming back. Trying to deal with as much as we can in one go shows empathy for the patient. Older patients often need a lift, need someone else to book the appointment for them, need more time and patience to understand their illness/medications/proposed management. Female GP's are more likely to give that time. And yes, there is a gap in public hospitals, for a range of reasons. Add in some misogynistic treatment by colleagues and patients alike, juggling family (where we still do the majority of child and house care), caring for elderly parents, trying to keep up with CPD.... I walked away from my own practice years ago, when I was earning less the minimum income as the money went into the practice before I took what was left. Something needs to change (and it's not the women).


Dr WC   9/12/2025 12:58:52 PM

Great article and thank you team for bringing this issue to light.

Agree with comment here that it's not just female GPs impacted. But I think patients do have different expectations (as a generalisation) of female vs male GPs, which means the MBS set up disadvantages female GPs - as discussed in the article.


Dr Craig Russell   9/12/2025 1:05:34 PM

Sorry, but this is not a gender issue, it is more of a Medicare rebate issue ...


Dr San   9/12/2025 6:01:38 PM

I do believe long consults are necessary for some presentations. It takes time to develop rapport during a mental health consultation for example, with a distressed patient. It takes time to link multiple co morbidities in different body systems to a common underlying cause. This is wholistic medicine, we can't always separate the presenting complaint into - one problem per consult, or we won't find the cause of the presenting complaint. We're taught about wholistic medicine, but it is totally unrealistic to practice it in 6 minutes per patient.


Dr Brendan Sean Chaston   9/12/2025 8:02:24 PM

I agree with all the findings in the study. Women are differently disadvantaged in general practice. But really it’s the ‘canary in the coal mine’. We need to drop the lip service, accept the reality ‘general practice’ is not a good job and it’s getting worse basically due to bureaucratic and societal expectations . When this accepted - perhaps changes can be made to fix it. With this study in mind is it right the RACGP continues to recruit female GPs.


Dr Suzette Julie Finch   9/12/2025 8:27:47 PM

Philip, I'm sure you know there's a practical & ethical compromise for "female GPs" who are selected for complex cases of mental health, atypical medical conditions, & women's health, by the 6-minute men, receptionists & patients. Stating it is JUST a female CHOICE to spend longer than the 6 minute/1-topic per consult & hence the female GPs' fault is a mix of victim blaming, mansplaining & extremely patronising. I suggest any GP (any combination of X&Y chromosomes) who CHOOSES to ignore holistic, acute & preventative, behaviour-changing, & hence health-outcome-changing principles, for a 6-minute sales schedule is no longer a primary care physician, but a tax-funded snake oil salesman. It is watching these "GPs" that has contributed to noctors & phoctors assuming they can grab a grubby piece of the quick-buck health scam, at significant cost to the Australian tax payer for minimal health outcomes. I don't CHOOSE to be underpaid, I CHOOSE the health endpoint & ethics, despite the scam.


Dr Nadine Elise Perlen   9/12/2025 9:04:14 PM

I agree with the comments above. Although recent studies have shown that it is women who do the longer, more complex consultations that are less well enumerated under current Medicare arrangements this is an issue for all doctors who want to practice comprehensive care, spend time with patient and make a difference - male or female practitioners. Unfortunately the recent pressure from government for practices to increase bulk billing will do little to improve quality of care provided and encourage fast medicine. We are mixed billing. Our doctors, female and male set their fees and we support them. Patient value good practice.


Dr Peter James Strickland   10/12/2025 3:02:51 PM

This could be controversial, but almost all female GPs over 50 odd years I have worked with do NOT do the long hours, do not do minor surgery, and do not do worker's compensation to any extent. This depression etc in female GPs has nothing to do with gender, and the wrong people were asked to do the survey --it should have been objective and done by male GPs on behalf of female GPs in my opinion. All the female GPs I worked with, and who did the whole gamut of general practice were nothing but fantastic. There is NO discrimination of income earned between guys and gals whatsoever in our profession as far back as I can remember, but there was with my wife as a primary teacher back in the 1960s and into the 1970s, until it was corrected.


Dr Emmanuel Laabes Philip   13/12/2025 7:59:42 AM

I am a male GP doing long consults, providing complex care, and performing procedures that female GPs chose not to. I also feel undervalued and financially abused by Medicare. How can the findings of a study whose subjects are solely female be generalised to the entire population of GPs? How can we be sure that the findings of this study are even generalisable to all female GPs? Qualitative research is not experimental research.


Dr Annette Hackett   13/12/2025 3:46:18 PM

Ah, Peter, showing your age there. Time to retire? We (women) do the long hours elsewhere (home/children), we do the Paps/gynae stuff/IUCD/Implanon, and certainly we do the worker's comp. 'Done by men on behalf of women' - you'll find a place in Trump's America. It's not overt discrimination, but, like someone else has said, inherent to the Medicare system, where long consults are not rewarded as they should be.


Dr Suzette Julie Finch   26/12/2025 3:31:24 PM

I appreciate Brendan's analogy: "Canary in the coal mine" for the reduced "value" & the significantly higher burnout/ relative retirement risk for GPs who provide holistic, complex primary health care. But the conclusion (& I paraphrase) 'Why then recruit female GPs?' is inconsistent. Typically, the canary-coalmine analogy refers to an early warning of a disaster to be heeded, not to removing canaries from coal mines. Even if RACGP used selection preference for "high throughput" candidates, who would then be the complex, mental health, time-commitment GP fodder, if not statistically/typically the female GP population? It is the complex, whole-person, primary care that can't/won't be sequestered by 6-minute GPs, phoctors, & other quick-fix/quick-buck allied health scope pushers, & where the population-based impact is realised. Possibly it's too late to heed the canaries, even if challenging to acknowledge. Governments can find cheaper tick/flick options, so RIP GPcare.