Nutrient deficit common in type 2 diabetes patients

A study that shows micronutrient deficiency is common in type 2 diabetes patients is a good reminder for GPs to prioritise nutrient optimisation in their patients, experts say.
 
A systematic review and meta-analysis published in the British Medical Journal Nutrition, Prevention and Health analysed data from 132 studies, involving 52,501 participants between 1998 and 2023.
 
It found almost half (45%) of the type 2 diabetes population studied had multiple micronutrient deficiencies, where levels of vitamins and minerals essential for healthy bodily function were far too low. Women were more likely than men to be impacted.
 
A ‘very low’ level of vitamin D was the most common micronutrient deficiency identified, affecting 60.5% of those with type 2 diabetes. Magnesium deficiency was also common (42%), while iron deficiency was found in 28% of cases. The global prevalence of B12 deficiency was 29%, and even higher among patients taking metformin, the authors wrote.
 
Around 1.3 million Australians live with type 2 diabetes, and GPs play a central role in early identification and optimal management.
 
Dr Gary Deed, Chair of RACGP Specific Interests Diabetes, told newsGP that while the study had some limitations, it reenforced the vital role of nutrition in the care of patients with type 2 diabetes.
 
‘This study reminds us of the importance of person-centric care and the emphasis that remains on lifestyle management as a pillar in the management of type 2 diabetes,’ he said.
 
‘It is a reminder to utilise the services of an accredited practicing dietitian to support all patients as much as choosing other therapeutics including drug therapy.
 
‘A thorough assessment of excesses as well as deficiencies across nutritional assessments is a simple strategy to help manage diabetes.’
 
Diabetes Australia Director of Research, Professor Grant Brinkworth, said that while this latest research put a spotlight on micronutrient deficiency and its potential role in contributing to the risk of type 2 diabetes, more research was needed on what causes this problem.
 
‘There is increasing evidence to suggest that micronutrients, including zinc, magnesium and vitamin D may play an important role in glucose metabolism,’ he told newsGP.
 
‘Research has shown that a nutritionally replete diet can help to optimise the management of blood glucose and diabetes in people at risk and living with diabetes.’
 
The RACGP recently updated its diabetes handbook, bringing together the latest evidence and guidance in managing type 2 diabetes. This includes key information on the important role of diet and nutrition in the management of patients living with diabetes.
 
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