While the majority of the interventions were effective in treating umbilical granuloma, salt application appears to be simple and effective, with minimal complications.

Late-preterm infants are at an increased risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in early childhood, compared with full-term infants.

The majority of infants born at <32 weeks of gestation display normal neurodevelopment in early childhood. Regular follow-up is essential for early identification of neurodevelopmental morbidity.