Some recent advances affect the practice of general orthopaedics, while others may be more specific to subspecialty practice, such as refinements of surgical techniques.

Although not all women undergoing mastectomy will desire or choose breast reconstruction, it is important that all women have the opportunity to make an informed choice.

Vaccine acceptance does not necessarily indicate the absence of hesitancy, and understanding the mathematical basis behind immunisation scheduling may help address these concerns.

It is time for the discourse about obesity in clinical medicine to be broadened and informed by emerging evidence of the environmental determinants that affect obesity.

Given the current global context, heightened vigilance is essential for early detection and management of any imported measles cases.

Screening with immunological tests is not a proxy for the rational process of formulating a differential diagnosis.

Primary care has much to offer in the future diagnosis and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia, but it requires greater awareness and a better appreciation of cumulative cholesterol burden.

There is weak evidence that diet affects tinnitus symptoms, but current literature does not support use of dietary supplements or caffeine and salt restriction for treating patients with tinnitus.

Current literature does not support the ordering of an ‘autoimmune screen’; instead, tests should be ordered according to the clinical context.

The aim of achieving equitable access to bulk billing for those living in rural and regional Victoria has not yet been met, and may be under increasing pressure.

The benefits of a strong doctor–patient relationship obtained through continuity of care should not be lost as our health system becomes more complex.

The increasing adoption of augmented reality solutions on smart devices, pushed by major industry players, has resulted in promising implications for the enhancement of printed media.

Involving patients in the clinical decision-making process is integral to providing individualised care and is promoted as a hallmark of good clinical practice.

In planning models of care for patients with non-communicable diseases, differences and commonalities must be considered.