The host immune system appears to have a fundamental role in almost all human disease.
People who are immunosuppressed may benefit from deferring vaccination.
Immunosenescence, altered pharmacokinetics and the presence of multiple comorbidities can all affect response to immunosuppressants.
An individualised approach is needed to provide pre-travel health advice and immunisation.
Management provides a key contribution to lowering individual risk of tuberculosis and reducing Australian tuberculosis incidence towards elimination.