Goals of treatment in advanced breast cancer are to prolong life, manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

While paediatric cervical masses are most commonly benign and transient in nature, judicious consideration of red flag and congenital conditions is crucial.

Promoting insulin as a normal part of the diabetes continuum and a beneficial change for long-term health will further improve patients’ experience during the commencement of insulin.

Effective insomnia treatment requires a multidisciplinary team that is centred on the patient’s preference and personal goals.

Palpitations are one of the most common presentations to general practice, and while they are usually benign, they may also have life-threatening significance.

A summary of associated psychopathology and comorbidity, diagnostic challenges and treatment recommendations for paruresis and parcopresis.

Paracetamol allergy is uncommon and, as a result, may be overlooked as a cause for immediate hypersensitivity, which can lead to a significant delay in diagnosis.

It is important that a high level of clinical suspicion is maintained when paediatric patients present with a vague history or symptoms that may represent airway foreign bodies.

Medicare Benefits Schedule rules regarding sleep study eligibility have recently changed and incorporate validated questionnaires of obstructive sleep apnoea risk and subjective sleepiness.

Various contributing factors to obstructive sleep apnoea have resulted in the development of a number of potential treatment modalities, some of which are in evolution.

Despite the availability of effective therapies and a national medicines subsidy scheme, a significant burden of disease still exists in Australia, with high mortality by international standards.

Diagnosis of insomnia is facilitated by the use of self-report measures to characterise the sleep disorder and elucidate comorbidities.

Early identification and investigation of anaemia in pregnancy enables appropriate management; in the case of iron deficiency, first-line therapy with oral iron with follow-up is recommended.

Identifying women with a shortened cervical length on morphological scan allows clinicians the opportunity to identify, treat and prevent preterm birth.

General practitioners are ideally placed to offer individuals and couples carrier screening for autosomal recessive and X-linked conditions.