The aim of this paper is to provide an update on advances in cardiac implantable electronic devices technology and how this applies to managing patients.

Olfactory impairment is a common condition, particularly in the geriatric population, that can be underrecognised as a result of clinician and patient unfamiliarity.

Hypothyroidism requiring T4 replacement is common in pregnancy. Prescribers should be aware that there are no specific concerns about dairy intake with T4.

It is important that a high level of clinical suspicion is maintained when paediatric patients present with a vague history or symptoms that may represent airway foreign bodies.

Nocturia is associated with significant morbidity and is likely to be a marker of poor health.