The content helps guide the reader across the landscape of Europe, from one important location to the next, describing the context and importance for each site.

Patients can be empowered through understanding chronic kidney disease as not confined to a single organ system but as the antecedent and consequence of several pathophysiological processes.

This clinical challenge is based on this month’s Focus articles. To complete this activity, go to the RACGP website.

Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors are becoming a cornerstone of therapy for type 2 diabetes, kidney disease and heart failure.

It is important to ensure that planning and funding for effective implementation and evaluation of the guidelines is undertaken in parallel with the guideline development process.

Both non-antibiotic and antibiotic-related strategies to treat women with recurrent urinary tract infections are available.

Achieving good outcomes for patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease requires a concerted effort to manage and monitor diabetes and associated comorbidities.

When left untreated, urethral strictures can devastate the health and function of the urinary tract.

The management of developmental dysplasia of the hip requires accurate diagnosis of the pathoanatomy and depends on the age of the child.

A man aged 46 years presented to a multidisciplinary team (plastic surgery, radiation oncology, dermatology) with a year-long history of a lentigo maligna on the right ear lobe.

Most viral exanthems can be distinguished initially on the basis of age, distribution and morphology of the rash without requiring investigations.

A female patient aged 75 years had undergone bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction with silicone implants following breast cancer seven years ago.

Early use of these inexpensive and readily available tools can significantly affect important clinical outcomes for these young patients.

Strategies to delay progression of chronic kidney disease include lifestyle advice, prevention of acute kidney injury, control of blood pressure and albuminuria, and disease-specific interventions.

Medication cessation or dose reduction may be required for patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent medication accumulation, adverse medication events and kidney injury.