Benign prostatic hyperplasia, the most common benign tumour in men, is generally initially assessed and managed by a general practitioner in the primary healthcare setting.

When left untreated, urethral strictures can devastate the health and function of the urinary tract.

A man aged 79 years who was living in a residential aged care facility and had an indwelling urinary catheter was noted by the caregiver to have ‘purple urine’ for more than a week.

Haematuria may be a singular symptom signalling underlying urological pathology; however, most patients with haematuria will have no identifiable cause found.

Stepwise treatment for overactive bladder seeks to improve patient quality of life and reduce patient and health system costs.

A man aged 52 years with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer presented with a firm, non-tender, skin-coloured papule.

A man aged 85 years presented to his treating doctor for his annual skin examination, which revealed a lesion on the posterior aspect of his right deltoid.

An infant male, aged six months, presented with changes to a lesion on the scalp that had been present since birth.

Assessing pigmented lesions on patients, including opportunistically, is an important part of patient care and can make a significant difference to patient health.

A Caucasian man aged 63 years with a history of heavy smoking and occasional alcohol drinking presented with concerns regarding a hard lump in the middle of his hard palate.

A nursing home resident aged 80 years, when presenting for an influenza vaccination, was noted to have a large fungating lesion with rolled edges on the right side of his chest.

A woman aged 70 years presented with a longstanding pigmented lesion on her right ear.

Diseases of the adrenal gland occur rather more frequently than is appreciated and provide a series of challenges for the treating practitioner.

The detection of primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients is delayed and associated with end-organ injury potentially preventable with a timely diagnosis with targeted treatment.

Knowledge of the specific dermatoses of pregnancy will assist in diagnosis, management and, importantly, facilitation of timely escalation of care of conditions that can potentially affect the fetus.