This second article in a series on communicable disease outbreaks focuses on case definitions, testing and early phases of a public health response.

A man aged 30 years presented to the general practitioner with a history of moderate pain and eyeball protrusion in his right eye immediately after being in handstand position.

A man aged 23 years presented to a new general practitioner requesting treatment for gout.

A woman aged 30 years presented with a six-month history of an expanding plaque on the right superior shin.

A man aged 85 years presented to his treating doctor for his annual skin examination, which revealed a lesion on the posterior aspect of his right deltoid.

A girl aged 2.5 years presented to her general practitioner with a firm lump on her left jaw.

The article discusses the case of a woman aged 43 years who was admitted to the emergency department with hypertension and hypoglycaemia on point-of-care testing.

Diabetic dermopathy is a benign, asymptomatic and likely underdiagnosed skin condition seen in up to 40% of individuals with diabetes.

A man aged 41 years was brought to hospital with fever, sweats, headache, myalgia, arthralgia and increasing confusion of six days’ duration.

Diagnosing the most common type of localised scleroderma in children.

This study discusses the importance of recognising and treating postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin of colour because it can be a significant patient concern.

A male engineer aged 47 years presented with multiple pinhead-sized flat red spots on his fingers and face.

This procedure is a simple, quick and cost-effective option which, when used appropriately and correctly, has shown excellent clinical efficacy and favourable cosmetic outcomes.

A student aged 15 years was brought by his mother to a Malaysian suburban primary care clinic.

A man aged 43 years presented with a persistent, progressively enlarging facial lesion that had persisted for more than 20 years.